Fluid distribution kinetics during cardiopulmonary bypass

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the isovolumetric distribution kinetics of crystalloid fluid during cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Ten patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting participated in this prospective observational study. The blood hemoglobin and the serum albumin and sodium concentrations were measured repeatedly during the distribution of priming solution (Ringer's acetate 1470 ml and mannitol 15% 200 ml) and initial cardioplegia. The rate of crystalloid fluid distribution was calculated based on 3-min Hb changes. The preoperative blood volume was extrapolated from the marked hemodilution occurring during the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01115166. RESULTS: The distribution half-time of Ringer's acetate averaged 8 minutes, corresponding to a transcapillary escape rate of 0.38 ml/kg/min. The intravascular albumin mass increased by 5.4% according to mass balance calculations. The preoperative blood volume, as extrapolated from the drop in hemoglobin concentration by 32% (mean) at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass, was 0.6-1.2 L less than that estimated by anthropometric methods (p<0.02). The mass balance of sodium indicated a translocation from the intracellular to the extracellular fluid space in 8 of the 10 patients, with a median volume of 236 ml. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution half-time of Ringer's solution during isovolumetric cardiopulmonary bypass was 8 minutes, which is the same as for crystalloid fluid infusions in healthy subjects. The intravascular albumin mass increased. Most patients were hypovolemic prior to the start of anesthesia. Intracellular edema did not occur. .

Docetaxel-induced Severe Fluid Retention in a Breast Cancer Patient: A Case Report / 한국유방암학회지

Among many adverse effects of docetaxel, fluid retention is a well recognized, cumulative side effect, but severe fluid retention is rare. We report here on a case of docetaxel-induced severe fluid retention with peripheral edema, pleural effusion, severe ascites and pericardial effusion in a 41-year-old woman. She had been treated with 3 cycles of docetaxel 9 days previously and she was admitted to our hospital due to abdominal distention and mild dyspnea. Radiologic studies revealed pleural effusion, severe ascites and a small pericardial effusion. Diuretics were given for 21 days. The pleural effusion was resolved after treatment with diuretics for 2 days, but the ascites wasn't resolved until 14 days of diuretics. After treatment with diuretics for 21 days, all the symptoms of the patient were completely resolved. Early detection is mandatory and diuretics are very effective for patient suffering with docetaxel-induced severe fluid retention.

Avaliação da responsividade a volume em pacientes sob ventilação espontânea: [revisão] / Assessment of fluid responsiveness in patients under spontaneous breathing activity~: [review]

A avaliação da responsividade a volume no paciente em ventilação espontânea representa um desafio para o intensivista. A maior parte dos conhecimentos adquiridos sobre interação coração-pulmão e o cálculo de índices dinâmicos de responsividade a fluidos podem não ser adequados para essa avaliação. Historicamente, as variáveis mais frequentemente utilizadas para guiar a responsividade a volume têm sido as medidas estáticas de pré-carga. Mais recentemente, índices dinâmicos obtidos por dispositivos menos invasivos têm sido mais usados, apesar de sua eficácia para esse fim em pacientes em ventilação espontânea ainda não ter sido adequadamente estabelecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar as principais evidências sobre a avaliação da responsividade a volume nos pacientes em ventilação espontânea. A pesquisa na literatura demonstrou escassez nas evidências para utilização de medidas estáticas da volemia como as pressões de enchimento e o volume diastólico final dos ventrículos. Medidas dinâmicas como variação da pressão de pulso e outros índices também não foram adequadamente testados durante a ventilação espontânea. Resultados favoráveis foram obtidos com a variação dinâmica da pressão venosa central e com parâmetros dinâmicos que utilizam o ecocardiograma transtorácico ou doppler esofágico associado à elevação passiva dos membros inferiores. Conclui-se que embora a variação da pressão venosa central e variáveis obtidas com o ecocardiograma transtorácico ou doppler esofágico possam ser úteis na avaliação da responsividade a volume em pacientes sob ventilação espontânea, definitivamente são necessários mais estudos neste grupo de pacientes.

To assess fluid responsiveness in patients under spontaneous breathing activity ventilation remains a challenge for intensive care physicians. Much of the knowledge on heart-lung interactions and dynamic indexes of fluid responsiveness may not be useful for these patients. Historically, the most frequently used variables to guide fluid responsiveness on this population have been the static preload indexes. However, more recently, dynamic indexes from less invasive devices are being often used, even though their usefulness on spontaneously-breathing subjects remains controversial. The purpose of this article was to review evidences on the assessment of fluid responsiveness in patients under spontaneous ventilation. A search in literature showed poor evidence for use of static variables, such as filling pressures and ventricular end-diastolic volumes. Dynamic indexes, such as pulse pressure variation and other indexes had not been appropriately tested during spontaneous ventilation. Favorable results were found with central venous pressure variation and with transthoracic echocardiography or transesophageal Doppler dynamic indexes, especially when associated to passive lower limb elevation. We conclude that although central venous pressure variation and echocardiography variables could aid bedside clinicians in assessing fluid responsiveness during spontaneous ventilation, more studies on this subject are definitely required.